Cervical Anatomy

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(Depending on size)

  • The cervix is the circular muscle at the base of the uterus; it makes up the top of the vagina.
  • The cervical canal passes through the cervix and allows blood from menstruation and a fetus to pass from the uterus into the vagina.
  • During a pap smear, a screening test for cervical cancer, cells are scraped from the opening of the cervix and examined under a microscope for abnormality.
  • The transformation zone is the area where the mucus secreting columnar cells of the endocervix meet the squamous cells of the ectocervix. Most squamous cell carcinomas and dysplasias are found here.