Normal Shoulder Anatomy

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(Depending on size)

  • The tendons of the deep shoulder muscles (infraspinatus, supraspinatus, and teres minor) conjoin with the shoulder joint capsule to form the rotator cuff.
  • Rotator cuff injuries are common and may be difficult to treat.
  • The head of the humerus rests in the glenoid fossa, a relatively shallow depression in the scapula. The rotator cuff holds the head in the fossa during movement.
  • The shoulder joint is prone to dislocation due to the shallowness of the glenoid fossa.
  • The acromioclavicular joint lies over the shoulder and sometimes develops fibrosis, making movement painful or stiff.